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A December 2024 report by European Centre for Democracy and Human Rights (ECDHR) highlights the country’s acute issue with unlawful, political persecution and absence of judicial independence. Repressive measures, including deportation, were applied on foreigners based on allegations of attempts to destabilize the country. Immigrant workers are often subject to harsh forms of the law within the country, and are often victims of arbitrary detention or torture within the country. In its 2025 Annual Report, Amnesty International has continuously identified severe human rights violations, particularly against freedom of assembly, freedom speech and an uptick in arbitrary arrest and torture. Human Rights Watch has reported on the country’s ongoing unfair mass trials, restrictions of freedom of speech and abuses to migrant labor forces. The country does not have any formal gaming laws, and therefore the project details about the casino were not completely made public.

The northern emirates which include Fujairah, Ajman, Ras al-Khaimah, and Umm al-Qaiwain all have a total area of 3,881 square kilometres (1,498 square miles). The country, by all measurements is not democratic, with particular weaknesses in political representation, including inclusive suffrage and credible elections. According to human rights organizations, there are systematic human rights violations, including the torture and forced disappearance of government critics. By law, the council members have to be equally divided between males and females. Half are appointed by the rulers of the constituent emirates, and the other half are elected by a small percentage of Emirati citizens, currently 33%, hand-picked by the rulers of each emirate. In December 2019, the UAE became the only Arab country, and one of only five countries in the world, to attain gender parity in a national legislative body, with its lower house being 50 percent women.

In 2007, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum decreed that journalists can no longer be prosecuted or imprisoned for reasons relating to their work. The UAE is home to some pan-Arab broadcasters, including the Middle East Broadcasting Centre and Orbit Showtime Network. Six grand projects are planned, including the Guggenheim Abu Dhabi and the Louvre Abu Dhabi. Three other poets from Sharjah, known as the Hirah group, are observed to have been heavily influenced by the Apollo and Romantic poets. The most famous Emirati writers were Mubarak Al Oqaili (1880–1954), Salem bin Ali al Owais (1887–1959), and Ahmed bin Sulayem (1905–1976).

The government has also implemented digital initiatives to enhance e-Government services and promote smart city concepts, further demonstrating the UAE’s commitment to technological advancements. The UAE government avails official social media accounts to communicate with public and hear their needs. New media, such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Instagram are used widely in the UAE by the government entities and by the public as well. Journalists who are arrested for violating this law are often brutally beaten by the police.

Cricket

The charge of piracy is disputed by modern Emirati historians, including the current ruler of Sharjah, Sheikh Sultan Al Qasimi, in his 1986 book The Myth of Arab Piracy in the Gulf. The harsh desert environment led to the emergence of the “versatile tribesman”, nomadic groups who subsisted due to a variety of economic activities, including animal husbandry, agriculture, and hunting. Individual rights such as the freedoms of assembly, association, expression, and the freedom of the press are severely repressed. The country has the most diversified economy among the members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), having become less reliant on natural resources in the 21st century and increasingly focusing on tourism and business. The United Arab Emirates has the world’s seventh-largest oil reserves and seventh-largest natural gas reserves. As of 2024update, the UAE has an estimated population of over 10 million; Dubai is the country’s largest city.

The UAE is the only country in the world that has a Ministry of Tolerance, a Ministry of Happiness, and a Ministry of Artificial Intelligence. The title is used due to the sheikhdom-styled governing system in adherence to the culture of tribes of Arabia, where Sheikh means leader, elder, or the tribal chief of the clan who partakes in shared decision making with his followers. A percentagequantify of revenues from each emirate is allocated to the UAE’s central budget.

The historic Abu Dhabi–Dubai agreement

The United Arab Emirates is a federal constitutional monarchy made up from a federation of seven hereditary tribal monarchy-styled political units called Sheikhdoms. The largest emirate, Abu Dhabi, accounts for 87% of the UAE’s total area, 67,340 square kilometres (26,000 sq mi). The United Arab Emirates is situated in the Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf, between Oman and Saudi Arabia; it is in a strategic location slightly south of the Strait of Hormuz, a vital transit point for world crude oil. On 14 May 2022, Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan was elected as the UAE’s new president after the death of Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan. The UAE became the first country in the Arab world to reach Mars, the fifth country to successfully reach Mars, and the second country, after an Indian probe, to orbit Mars on its maiden attempt. This resulted in a major economic downturn, which eventually led to the merger of more than 50% of the UAE’s federal agencies.

Culture

Literature and other written works by modern Emiratis are not well known globally because the majority of writers in country do not publish in English, women are restricted from participating in traditional literary groups, and freedom of expression is surpessed. Abu Dhabi nationals were brought under the scheme from 1 June 2008 and Dubai followed for its government employees. In February 2008, the Ministry of Health unveiled a five-year health strategy for the public health sector in the northern emirates, which fall under its purview and which, unlike Abu Dhabi and Dubai, do not have separate healthcare authorities. The education system through secondary level is administered by the Ministry of Education in all emirates except Abu Dhabi, where it falls under the authority of the Department of Education and Knowledge. Dubai International Airport became the busiest airport in the world by international passenger traffic in 2014, overtaking London Heathrow. The northern emirates are rapidly following suit, providing major incentives for developers of residential and commercial property.

Business and finance

Before the establishment of the United Arab Emirates in 1971, the region was known as the Trucial States, a group of independent sheikhdoms along the Arabian Gulf coast.

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Having assumed leadership of Abu Dhabi in 1966, he believed deeply that the emirates shared common history, culture and destiny. This is the story of how the emirates came together, why it mattered, and how that decision shaped the UAE we know today. Behind the colours and concerts lies a deeper story of bold leadership, difficult negotiations, and a shared belief that seven separate emirates could be stronger as one. Following the 2009 attack on the Sri Lanka national cricket team, the UAE served as the de facto home of the Pakistan national cricket team for nearly a decade, as well as hosting the Pakistan Super League. The UAE national cricket team has qualified for the Cricket World Cup on two occasions (1996 and 2015) and the ICC Men’s T20 World Cup on two occasions (2014 and 2022). Notable grounds include the Sharjah Cricket Association Stadium in Sharjah, Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium in Abu Dhabi, and Dubai International Cricket Stadium in Dubai.

• Over 4,000 Shia expatriates have been deported from the UAE; including Lebanese Shia families for their alleged sympathies for Hezbollah.
• From the 2018 Arab Youth Survey, the UAE emerges as the top Arab country in areas such as living, safety and security, economic opportunities, and starting a business, and as an example for other states to emulate.
• Pakistan was the first country to formally recognise the UAE upon its formation.
• All associations have to be submitted to censorship guidelines and all publications have first to be approved by the government.
• Reports stating the Emirates wanted to provide humanitarian support for the Sudanese people turned out to be an expansion of a covert operation to funnel money, weapons – including drone technology – to opposition forces.

The highest loss of life in the history of UAE military occurred on Friday 4 September 2015, in which 52 soldiers were killed in Marib area of central Yemen by a Tochka missile which targeted a weapons cache and caused a large explosion. The UAE introduced a mandatory military service for adult males, since 2014, for 16 months to expand its reserve force. The largest defence exhibition and conference in the Middle East, International Defence Exhibition, takes place biennially in Abu Dhabi. The active and effective military role, despite its small active personnel, has led the UAE military to be nicknamed as “Little Sparta” by United States Armed Forces Generals and former US defense secretary James Mattis.

The uniqueness of the country’s natural desert life, especially with the Bedouins, also facilitates the country’s tourist industry. The country’s major tourist attraction includes the famous Burj Khalifa in Dubai, the tallest tower in the world; The World archipelago and Palm Jumeirah also in Dubai; Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque and Yas Marina Circuit in Abu Dhabi; Al Hajar Mountains in Fujairah. The state oil firm was alleged of exploiting the UAE’s COP28 presidency to pursue oil and gas deals. The Barakah nuclear power plant is the first on the Arabian peninsula and expected to reduce the carbon footprint of the country. Although the oil and gas sector continues to be significant to the UAE economy, these efforts have yielded great resilience during periods of oil price fluctuations and economic turbulence. The UAE leadership initiated economic diversification efforts even before the oil price crash in the 1980s, resulting in the UAE having the most diversified economy in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region at present.

But there, Sheikh Khalid bin Muhammad Al Qasimi had already negotiated with the Iranian shah, and the island was quickly leased to Iran for $3 million a year. Days after the announcement, the ruler of Abu Dhabi, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, fearing vulnerability, tried to persuade the British to honour the protection treaties by offering to pay the full costs of keeping the British Armed Forces in the Emirates. British Members of Parliament (MPs) debated the preparedness of the Royal Navy to defend the sheikhdoms. By 1966, it had become clear that the British government could no longer afford to administer and protect the Trucial States, what is now the United Arab Emirates. However, on 27 October 1960, the company discovered oil in commercial quantities at the Murban No. 3 well on the coast near Tarif.

All associations have to be submitted to censorship guidelines and all publications have first to be approved by the government. In the UAE an association requires twenty individuals, none of which can have previous convictions and must be preauthorized and registered with the government. Freedom of association is also severely curtailed, and in most cases, https://chickenroadapp.in/ banned under existing law. This development is expected to attract major gaming operators and contribute significantly to the country’s economy. The GCGRA also mandates player management tools, including deposit limits and cooling-off periods for online gaming.

• The UAE ranks poorly in freedom indices measuring civil liberties and political rights.
• The country was ranked 91 out of 137 states and is far below the average scoring for development towards a democracy, and is the third least democratic country in the Middle East.
• The title is used due to the sheikhdom-styled governing system in adherence to the culture of tribes of Arabia, where Sheikh means leader, elder, or the tribal chief of the clan who partakes in shared decision making with his followers.

The most complicated borders were in the Western Hajar Mountains, where five of the emirates contested jurisdiction over more than a dozen enclaves. In general, the rulers of the emirates accepted the British interventions, but in the case of boundary disputes between Abu Dhabi and Dubai, and also between Dubai and Sharjah, conflicting claims were not resolved until after the UAE became independent. Prior to withdrawing from the area in 1971, Britain delineated the internal borders among the seven emirates in order to preempt territorial disputes that might hamper formation of the federation.

A federal state that defied the odds

France and the United States have played the most strategically significant roles with defence cooperation agreements and military material provision. Most officers are graduates of the United Kingdom’s Royal Military Academy at Sandhurst, with others having attended the United States Military Academy at West Point, the Royal Military College, Duntroon in Australia, and St Cyr, the military academy of France. The UAE is considered to have the most capable military among the Gulf states. Pakistan was the first country to formally recognise the UAE upon its formation. The UAE tried to bring the matter to the International Court of Justice, but Iran dismissed the notion. Also, it is an observer in the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie.

This growth is mainly due to the influx of foreign workers into the country, making the national population a minority. They continue to face criticism for its ongoing contribution to climate change and human rights abuses, despite participating in these international events. They established a Soft Power Council in 2017 in order to address their international image. The country has been a leading supporter of Israel’s genocide in Gaza as well as funding the genocide in Sudan, through direct support and supply of weapons to the arab supremicist rebel group in the Sudanese civil war. The UAE has expanded its international influence, subsequently committing human rights abuses across national borders.